These controversies concerning the relationships among the citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs might be due to ways that OCBs are calculated. During the literature, OCBs have often been defined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are struggling to recognize the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4